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The Shelby County School District is a public school district that serves the city of Memphis, Tennessee Due to the city of Memphis dissolving its school charter in 2011, as of July 1, 2013 all Shelby County residents were served by SCS, including those in Memphis. Following passage of a state law lifting the ban on establishment of new school districts, the six incorporated suburbs in the county each voted in July 2013 to establish six independent municipal school districts. As a result, as of the start of the 2014 school year, the six incorporated cities in Shelby County (other than Memphis) are each served by separate school districts.〔("Coverage of the School Merger News for Memphis, TN" ), ''The Commercial Appeal'' 〕 As of August 2014 there are six municipal school districts known as Collierville Schools, Germantown Municipal Schools, Bartlett City Schools, Arlington Community Schools, Lakeland School System, and Millington Municipal Schools. Shelby County Schools serve the city of Memphis, Tennessee and unincorporated areas. ==History== The Shelby County School District was developed in the late 19th century, after public schools were established in the county. Until July 1, 2013, it served residents of Shelby County, Tennessee, exclusive of the City of Memphis, which established its own public school system in 1868. Over decades of development and change, the city of Memphis and Shelby County differed in their ability to support their school systems. By the 1990s, the state ranked as 45th in funding of public schools. The legislature passed the Education Improvement Act EIA) in 1992 to improve funding of schools as well as election of board members and school management. Until 1996, Shelby County school board members had been appointed by the Shelby County Commission. This arrangement was changed due to Tennessee's interpretation of its constitutional requirement that county officials, including school boards, be elected by all residents of the county, as well as elements of the state's Education Improvement Act of 1992, which addressed election of school boards. The Shelby County Commission established seven single-member districts to elect representatives to the school board; the districts represented the entire population of the county, although the city of Memphis at the time had its own school system and its residents were not served by the county system. The population of Memphis comprised more than 75% of the county's population in 1990 and would have dominated the school board with six of seven positions. (In 2013, Memphis has 70% of the county's population.) Plaintiffs from the county, including the mayors of the six municipalities, objected under the Equal Protection Clause to having their system dominated by county residents who would not be served by the system. The US District Court, in a 1997 decision affirmed by the Appeals Court, ruled that the Constitution did not require all county residents to be included in a district that served only part of the county. As a result, the special election districts were redrawn to represent the area of Shelby County outside the city of Memphis, as this was the area served by the county school district. On March 8, 2011, Memphis city residents voted to dissolve their school charter and disband Memphis City Schools, effectively merging the city with the Shelby County School District. The city had the authority to do this under state law. The merger was to be implemented effective at the start of the 2013-14 school year. Total enrollment in the county school system as of the 2010-2011 school year, was about 47,000 students,〔Campbell Robertson, and total of 885 full time staff and employees ("Memphis to Vote on Transferring School System to County" ), ''The New York Times'', January 27, 2011 〕 making the district the fourth largest in Tennessee.〔 With the Memphis/Shelby County merger completed, the district received an addition of more than 100,000 students, making it the largest system in the state and one of the larger systems in the country. In 2011 Sam Dillon of ''The New York Times'' concluded that although there was existing inequality between Shelby County Schools and Memphis City Schools, "nobody expects the demographics of schools to change much" as a result of the merger between the districts. He noted that "most students in both districts are assigned to neighborhood schools and housing tends to be segregated."〔Dillon, Sam. "(Merger of Memphis and County School Districts Revives Race and Class Challenges )." ''The New York Times''. November 5, 2011. Retrieved on June 3, 2013. 〕 Some white families expressed concern that the merger would provoke white flight from Shelby County, which has lost white population in the last decade.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shelby County Schools (Tennessee)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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